Wednesday, September 30, 2015

Gohyaku Rakan ji 五百羅漢寺:A Famous Obaku Temple in Edo (Tokyo)



In Sept. 29, 2015, Dr. Yang Kuei-hsiang accompanied me to Zojoji. During the visit, I suddenly remembered that there was a much famous Obaku temple during the Edo period called Gohyaku Rakan ji 五百羅漢寺, which was famous for the carving of five hundred Arhant statues by the monk and Buddha sculptor Shoon Genkei 松雲元慶,who was the founder of the temple and a disciple of Obaku monk Tetsugen Doko 鐵眼道光. The temple received patronage from the Shogun as well. The temple remained an Obaku temple in the Edo period and was one of the Meisho (famous attraction) in Edo until it was destroyed in modern times and was moved to the current location during the early Meiji period. The temple is now a Pure Land Temple and is flourishing with generous support from local communities. It has quite a collection of things of early Obaku abbots and portraits of Yinyuan in display.

I don't know if there is any Japanese study on this temple. But there was a study in English which I quoted in my book Leaving for the Rising Sun:

Screech, Timon. “The Strangest Place in Edo: The Temple of the Five Hundred Arhats,” Monumenta Nipponica, 48.4 (Winter, 1993): 407–428.



Friday, September 25, 2015

Conference at UBC:PAPER, PRINT & CYBERSPACE: THE PERSPECTIVE OF A GLOBAL NETWORK







A UBC WORKSHOP ON A GLOBAL NETWORK
佛學及東亞宗教全球網絡前景研討會

PAPER, PRINT & CYBERSPACE:
THE PERSPECTIVE OF A GLOBAL NETWORK
FOR THE MULTIMEDIA AND INTERDISCIPLINARY STUDIES OF BUDDHISM
& EAST ASIAN RELIGIONS
紙本、刻本、與電子空間:
建構多媒質、多學科的佛學與東亞宗教研究的全球網絡的前景

OCTOBER 4-6, 2015

It is vital that we advance our understanding of East Asian religions as the economic
and political importance of this region increases. As vehicles carrying meaning,
apotropaic devices, and objects of devotion in their own right, texts have played a
critical role in the interconnected religious, economic, artistic, and scientific life of
East Asia. Thanks to discoveries of texts and artifacts and to increased opportunities
for ethnographic observation, scholarship over the past decade has enriched our
understanding of both historical and contemporary religious phenomena in East Asia.
Despite these advances, study in our field still remains divided by boundaries set by
national borders, academic disciplines, and sectarian lines. As a result, new evidence
is unearthed but not shared widely. Historical connections between seemingly
disparate times and places remain obscure. This workshop represents a small step
towards breaking through these barriers by bringing together scholars and sources that
have not often been in dialogue. Creating a worldwide network of institutions and
scholars will allow us to access, record, and interpret material in ways that would be
otherwise impossible.
CO-SPONSORING 主辦: UBC BUDDHIST STUDIES FORUM UBC佛學研究論壇 &
DHARMA DRUM VANCOUVER CENTER (DDVC) 法鼓山溫哥
華道場
SUPPORTING 協辦: UBC ST. JOHNS’ COLLEGE UBC 聖約翰學院
SOCIAL SCIENCE AND HUMANITIES RESEARCH COUNCIL 加
拿大社會科學與人文科學研究委員會
HOSTING 承辦: DHARMA DRUM VANCOUVER CENTER 法鼓山溫哥華道場
UBC ST. JOHNS’ COLLEGE UBC 聖約翰學院

DAY I 第一日 October 4, 2015: REGISTRATION & KEYNOTE
SPEECHES 報到與主題演講
VENUE DDVC (Address: 8240 No. 5 Rd, Richmond)
3:00-4:00 MEDITATION SESSION 坐禪
4:00-4:30 RECEPTION 接迎
4:30-4:40 WELCOMING REMARKS 歡迎致詞 (Ven. Chang Wu 常悟法
師, DDVC)
4:40-5:40 KEYNOTE SPEECH 主題演講 1: “A Wooden Manuscript from
late Qing Yunnan: Beyond the Print/Manuscript Distinction”
(T. H. BARRETT 巴瑞特; SOAS, The University of London
倫敦大學亞非學院)
4:40-5:40 KEYNOTE SPEECH 主題演講 2: “The significance of
constructing a Buddhist knowledge base in the diversity of
Digital Humanities” (Masahiro SHIMODA 下田正弘;
University of Tokyo 東京大學)
6:40-8:00 DINNER 晚宴

DAY 2 第二日 October 5, 2015: PANELS 部會 1-3
VENUE UBC St. Johns’ College (2111 Lower Mall, Vancouver)
9:30-12:00 PANEL 部會 1: FROM PAPER TO CYBERSPACE (CHAIR:
Robert SHARF [UC BERKELEY] 主持)
1.1. 9:30-9:45 Jiang WU 吳疆 (the University of Arizona): “From
Manuscript to Print: The Carving of Kaibao Canon in the
Tenth-century Chengdu, Sichuan"
1.2. 9:45-10:00 George KEYWORTH (University of Saskatchewan): “Copying
for the Kami: On the Manuscript Set of the Buddhist Canon
held by Matsuno’o Shintō Shrine.”
1.3. 10:00-10:15 YU Xin 余欣 (Fudan University 復旦大學): “Mutual
Transformation in the Shift from Manuscripts to Prints”
1.4. 10:15-10:30 Vincent GOOSSAERT (Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes,
Sciences religieuses, France): “A Daoist Text between
Manuscript, Print, and Internet: The Many Lives of the
Tiantan yuge”
1.5. 10:30-10:45 Jinhua CHEN 陳金華 (UBC): “Technology, Market and
Materiality in East Asian Religions”
COMMENT (10:45-11:00) James BENN (McMaster) 評議
DISCUSSION (11:00-12:00) Open Floor 開放討論
12:00-13:30 LUNCH BREAK 午餐
13:30-15:20 PANEL 部會 2 TEXT & IMAGE (CHAIR: Christina LAFFIN
[UBC] 主持)
2.1. 13:30-13:45 Amanda GOODMAN (UoT): “Signs and Signatures: Some
thoughts on the Circulation of Dunhuang Ritual Manuscripts
P3913, P3835 based on Codicological Considerations”
2.2. 13:45-14:00 SUN Yinggang 孫英剛 (Fudan University 復旦大學): “Text
and Image: Empress Wu’s Seven Treasures, Symbols,
Images and Political Meanings of Cakravatin in Medieval
China"
2.3. 14:00-14:15 ZHANG Yu 張煜 (Shanghai University of Foreign Languages
上海外國語大學): Text and Image in the Context of South
Asian Buddhism: Some Preliminary Remarks
COMMENT (14:15-14:30) Stephen TEISER (Princeton) 評議
DISCUSSION (14:30-15:20) Open Floor 開放討論
15:20-15:30 TEA/COFFEE BREAK 茶歇
15:30-18:00 PANEL 部會 3: CARVING THE DHARMA ON THE
EMPTY SPACE: DIGITALIZATION (CHAIR: Wei-jen TENG
[DILA] 主持)
3.1. 15:30-15:45 Christoph ANDERL (Ghent University): "Working with
Manuscripts from a Linguistic Standpoint: The Database of
the Syntax of Medieval Chinese at the Department of
Languages and Cultures, Ghent University - Current State
and Future Perspectives"
3.2. 15:45-16:00 Marcus BINGENHEIMER (Temple University/Dharma Drum
Institute of Liberal Arts): "Problems and Solutions in the
Full-Text Digitization of Dunhuang Manuscripts"
3.3. 16:00-16:15 Susan ANDREWS (Mount Alison University): “Many
Producers, Many Pasts: Presentations of Tanzan Shrine’s
Histories on Participatory Websites”
3.4. 16:15-16:30 Paul CROWE (SFU): “E-scriptures from the Altar of Lü
Dongbin: Dispensations to Spirit-writing Communities on
the Move"
3.5. 16:30-16:45 Robban TOLENO (UBC): “Media Chains and Reading
Methods: Illustrating Strengths and Limitations of Digital
Media with a Non-Canonical Tenth-Century Chinese
Buddhist Encyclopedia”
COMMENT (16:45-17:00) Robert BUSWELL (UCLA) 評議
DISCUSSION (17:00-18:00) Open Floor 開放討論
18:15-20:00 DINNER 晚宴


Thursday, September 24, 2015

Caodong master Wansong Xingxiu's 萬松行秀 Memorial Pagoda

During my recent visit to Beijing, I came across the Jin Dynasty Caodong master Wansong Xingxiu's memorial pagoda in the bustling Beijing downtown. Master Wansong (1166–1246) was active during the Jin dynasty and was greatly respected by later imperial rulers. He was famous for a commentary to a collection of one hundred songgu (頌古) kōan by the Song Caodong master Hongzhi Zhengjue 宏智正覺 under the title Congrong Lu 從容錄, "the Book of Equanimity" or "the Encouragement (Hermitage) Record." It was reprinted during the late Ming by Wang Yangming's disciple Luo Rufang 羅汝芳 as Wansong laoren pingchang Tiantong Jue heshang songgu congrong an lu 萬松老人評唱天童覺和尚頌古從容庵錄. Yinyuan must have read his work.


Saturday, September 19, 2015

Mystery of Master Tiechuan 鐵船, who was the Last Eminent Chinese Monk invited by the Edo Bakufu to Japan

China National Library, Beijing, Beihai
In  chapter 7 of my book Leaving for the Rising Sun, I have alluded to a Chinese monk called Tiechuan 鐵船 as the last eminent Chan master invited by the Bakufu after the failure of inviting the Huangbo master Zhongqi Daoren 仲琪道任. However, there is little information about this monk.

In Sept. 15, 2015, I was doing research in China National Library in Beijing for the Obaku canon preserved there and accidentally discovered the recorded sayings of Tiechuan, which was reprinted during the Republican period. It appears to be a rare book and was not included in any other publications, including the Jiaxing canon. I believe that this new discovery can supplement chapter 7 of my book.
Original index card for Tiechuan's recorded sayings
Because of the copyright restriction, I was not allowed to post any pictures of the collection. (This book contains Tiechuan's portrait as well. There are three different titles of this book: on the cover, 如皋西方一葦度禪師語錄, in the preface, 一葦鐵船度禪師語錄, in the main text, 一葦度禪師語錄. This rare book was a reprint of a woodblock edition in 1750 (Qianlong 15). It was compiled by monk Shiying 實英 and was reprinted in 1935 (Minguo 24). I am pretty sure that this monk was the one that the Edo Bakufu was looking for because this book contains an invitation letter from the tenth Manpukuji abbot Xuru Lianfang 旭如連昉 (1664-1719). I copy part of this invitation letter as follows:

.......扶桑日邊領承        王命        大唐國裡訪求        禪師,只希撥轉船舷,蚤此邀迎楖栗,肅投誠懇,曷勝瞻戀。右耑
     啟上
前龍潭現住寶巖鐵船度公和尚大禪師蓮座
                                                                          名勒正幅

Thursday, September 17, 2015

An Interesting Conference on Obaku in Taibei, Oct. 2-3, 2015



「黃檗宗與十七世紀的東亞文化交流」國際學術研討會
會議議程表(草案)
日 期:2015年10月 2日 (五) ~ 10月 3日 (六)
地 點:臺灣大學文學院會議室
主辦單位:臺灣大學文學院日本研究中心、中央研究院「共相與殊相:十八
 世紀前東亞文化意象的匯聚、流傳與變異」研究計畫、中央研究
 院人文社會科學研究中心、臺灣大學「跨國界的文化傳釋」研究
 計畫
協辦單位:科技部、臺灣大學文學院、臺灣大學日文系
10月 2日 (星期五)
時間
09:00~09:30 報 到
09:30~09:45 開幕典禮 陳弱水教授致詞(臺灣大學文學院院長)
09:45~10:15 新書發表會
主講人:徐興慶(臺灣大學日文系教授/日本研究中心主任)
主持人:項 潔(臺灣大學資工系教授/出版中心主任)
題 目:《天閒老人 獨立性易全集》出版的意義
10:15~10:30 Tea Time
10:30~11:20 專題演講1
主講人:楊儒賓(清華大學中文系講座教授)
主持人:廖肇亨(中央研究院中國文哲研究所研究員)
題 目:東亞近世儒學的相偶論論述
11:20~12:10 專題演講2
主講人:德川眞木(日本德川博物館館長)
主持人:徐興慶(臺灣大學日文系教授/日本研究中心主任)
題 目:德川博物館典藏的朱舜水、獨立禪師、心越禪師未刊史料
12:10~14:15 Lunch
Time
黃檗宗暨獨立性易書畫展
解說人:計文淵(餘姚書畫院副院長)
14:15~15:00 論文發表1
發表人:計文淵(餘姚書畫院副院長)
主持兼評論人:楊儒賓(清華大學中文系講座教授)
題 目:黃檗獨立書蹟考論
15:00~15:45 論文發表2
發表人:吳 疆(美國亞利桑那大學教授)
主持兼評論人:劉序楓(中央研究院人文社會科學研究中心副研究員)
題 目:黃檗僧東渡斷絕考─十八世紀江戶幕府的唐僧招請─
15:45~16:30 論文發表3
發表人:若木太一(長崎大學名譽教授/長崎純心大學兼任講師)
主持兼評論人:陳玉女(成功大學歷史系教授/系主任)
題 目:隠元禅師と日中雅交ー幻寄山房の人々ー
16:30~16:45 Tea Time
16:45~17:30 論文發表4
發表人:木津祐子(京都大學大學院文學研究科教授)
主持兼評論人:朱秋而(臺灣大學日文系教授)
題 目:クレオール文学の担い手としての唐通事ー(1)長崎諸寺をどう語るかー
17:30~18:15 論文發表5
發表人:奧村佳代子(關西大學外國語學科教授)
主持兼評論人:曹景惠(臺灣大學日文系副教授)
題 目:唐通事の白話文ー日本語作品の翻訳を中心にー
10月 3日 (星期六)
09:00~09:30 報 到
09:30~10:20 專題演講3
主講人:野口善敬(花園大學文學部佛教學科教授/國際禪學研究所所長)
主持人:金培懿(臺灣師範大學國文系教授)
題 目:禅門の法式における黄檗禅の影響
10:20~10:50 Tea Time
10:50~11:40 專題演講4
主講人:錦織亮介(日本福岡市美術館館長)
主持人:陳階晉(故宮博物院書畫處副研究員)
題 目:黃檗宗の肖像画と中国民間肖像画
11:40~13:15 Lunch Time
13:15~14:00 論文發表6
發表人:廖肇亨(中央研究院中國文哲研究所研究員)
主持兼評論人:范淑文(臺灣大學日文系教授/系主任)
題 目:從西湖到富士山─獨立性易地景書寫文化義蘊探析─
14:00~14:45 論文發表7
發表人:韓東育(東北師範大學教授/副校長)
主持兼評論人:甘懷真(臺灣大學歷史系教授)
題 目:明清鼎革之際東亞「華夷觀」的演變
14:45~15:30 論文發表8
發表人:田渕義樹 (日本福岡柳川古文書館學藝員/副館長)
主持兼評論人:辻本雅史(臺灣大學日文系教授)
題 目:独立─安東省菴と朱舜水をつないだ黄檗僧
15:30~15:45 Tea Time
15:45~16:30 論文發表9
發表人:松岡智訓(日本山口岩國徵古館學藝員)
主持兼評論人:藤井倫明(臺灣師範大學東亞系副教授)
題 目:岩国と独立
16:30~17:15 論文發表10
發表人:錢 明(中國浙江國際陽明學研究中心研究員/主任)
主持兼評論人:藍弘岳(交通大學社會與文化研究所副教授)
題 目:杭州戴笠在浙遺蹤考
17:15~18:00 論文發表11
發表人:李美燕(屏東大學中文系教授)
主持兼評論人:計文淵(餘姚書畫院副院長)
題 目:旅日禪僧東臯心越禪藝雙修的藝術精神
18:00~18:15 閉幕典禮 徐興慶(臺灣大學教授/日本研究中心主任)

Friday, September 4, 2015

The Importation of Bitter Melon (Tsurureishi 錦茘枝) to Japan




It is fun to study religion and food. For example, Yinyuan is associated with Ingenmame 隐元豆. I don't know if the importation of Tsurureishi 錦茘枝 to Japan is also connected with China. Dr. Yang Kuei-hsiang did some research and confirmed that it was indeed brought from China through Ryukyu (Okinawa) during the Ming dynasty. it seemed to be an exotic plant in Edo Japan and even Confucian scholar Kaibara Ekken 貝原益軒 recorded in his book on flowers and plants.

Dr. Yang sent me below:


原産地は南アジア.14-15世紀に明時代の中国を経由して沖縄王国に伝えられ,15世紀初頭には日本に伝来したと考えられる.室町時代の装剣金工家,後藤乗真(1512-1562)の作と伝えられる笄(コウガイ)にニガウリの割れた実をモチーフにしたものがある.

慶長 8年(1603)に出版されたイエズス会宣教師編『日葡辞書』にニガウリの名がヘチマ、タウマメ(ソラマメ)、タウキビ(トウモロコシ)、ニンジンと共に初出している.また林羅山(1583~1657)の多識篇(1612年)には栽培の記載があるので,本州でも400年以上の栽培の歴史がある事になる.

貝原益軒の「大和本草(1709年)」,「菜譜(1704年)」及び,寺島良安の「和漢三才図会(1712年頃)」には「苦瓜(錦茘枝・ツルレイシ)」として記載され,「南方から来た.ぶつぶつとした疣のある,レイシに似た実をつける.緑のうちは苦くてうまくない.熟して黄色くなると割れて赤い種が見えるようになり,観賞用になる.また甘いので子供が喜んで食べる.」と書いてあり,南国では食用にしているとは認識していたが,むしろ観賞用の植物と考えていた事が裏付けられた.


名の由来は、ムクロジ科のレイシの果実に似ていて、蔓(つる)性から、ツルレイシの名になった ニガウリは、漢名の苦瓜(にがうり)からそのままついた。

中国へは、明(みん)時代に伝わったとされ、本草綱目(1596年頃)には、苦瓜(くが)の名の記載があり、日本への渡来は、多識編(1612・林道春著)には、豆留礼志(つるれいし)の名で出ていることから、それ以前に渡来したとされる

花譜(かふ・1694・貝原益軒著)には、錦茘枝(つるれいし)、苦瓜(にがうり)と呼ぶという記載があり、元禄以前から広く栽培されていたという


種子の外側の果肉が甘いことから、古くから食べられていて、鹿児島ではニガゴイ、長崎はニガゴウリ、熊本はニガゴリなどの別名がある。

沖縄本島ではニガウリのことを「ゴーヤー」と呼ぶのが一般的で、宮古島(宮古方言)で「ゴーラ」、八重山(八重山方言)で「ゴーヤ」、熊本県をはじめとする九州の大部分では「ニガゴリ」又は「ニガゴーリ」、鹿児島県奄美大島では「トーグリ」、長崎県諫早地方、鹿児島県本土では「ニガゴイ」などと呼ばれている。諫早地方では「ニガウイ」の名称も併用される。

中国語では 苦瓜 (kǔguā、クーグア)や 涼瓜 (liángguā、リァングア)などと呼ばれ、広東料理、台湾料理などで日常的に食用にするだけでなく、焙煎してお茶として飲用することもある。広東語では菩薘‎(pou4 daat6、ポウダーッ)と呼ばれる場合もある。 英名の bitter melon も苦い瓜の意味である。




Copied from a blog posting at http://hanamoriyashiki.blogspot.com/2010/07/blog-post.html.